how does fentanyl kill you Archives - Futures Recovery Healthcare
How Does Fentanyl Kill You|How Does Fentanyl Kill You

How Does Fentanyl Kill You?

December 6, 2023 | By: frhdev

Fentanyl, which is frequently discussed in the context of the opioid epidemic, is a synthetic analgesic with significantly greater potency than many other opioids. Initially designed for medicinal applications, its extreme potency possesses both therapeutic benefits and inherent dangers. This article delves into the specifics of how fentanyl operates within the body, the circumstances that can make it lethal, and the broader implications of its presence in today’s society. As we explore this crucial subject, our aim is to present clear information to foster informed understanding.

What Is Fentanyl?

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid initially developed in the 1960s for medical use. Considered to be 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine and roughly 50 times more potent than heroin, this chemically derived analgesic is classified as a painkiller. In the medical field, fentanyl is often prescribed for patients dealing with severe pain, especially post-surgical pain or pain associated with advanced cancer. It’s available in various forms, including patches, lozenges, and injections. Due to its high potency, it carries significant risks when misused. 

It’s essential to differentiate between prescribed fentanyl, used under medical supervision, and illicitly manufactured fentanyl, which is often found in illegal drug markets and poses a substantial risk of overdose. As with all opioids, the primary therapeutic effect of fentanyl is pain relief, but it can also induce feelings of relaxation and euphoria, which contribute to its potential for misuse.

How Does Fentanyl Affect the Body?

Fentanyl, like other opioids, primarily affects the central nervous system. When it enters the body, it binds to specific proteins called opioid receptors, predominantly found in the brain and spinal cord. By attaching to these receptors, fentanyl can block pain signals from reaching the brain, thus providing relief.

However, besides pain mitigation, fentanyl also impacts the brain’s reward areas, often leading to feelings of euphoria. This effect is one of the reasons opioids can become addictive for some individuals.

Most crucially, fentanyl can depress the body’s respiratory center, located in the brainstem. This area controls the rate and depth of breathing. High doses or misuse of fentanyl can significantly slow down or even halt breathing altogether, leading to a lack of oxygen in vital organs. This respiratory depression is the primary reason behind fentanyl-related overdose deaths.

It’s worth noting that the strength and rapid onset of fentanyl’s effects, especially in non-medical contexts, heighten its danger, making it imperative to use it strictly as prescribed and under professional guidance.

How Does Fentanyl Kill You

The Lethal Dose

The concept of a “lethal dose” refers to the amount of a substance that can lead to death. For fentanyl, due to its high potency, even a small amount can be lethal, especially for individuals who are not tolerant of opioids. It’s estimated that as little as 2 milligrams of fentanyl can be fatal for most people. As a comparison, this quantity is roughly equivalent to a few granules of salt.

However, it’s essential to understand that various factors can influence an individual’s vulnerability to overdose. These factors include body weight, overall health, tolerance to opioids, and the presence of other substances in the body. Additionally, the unpredictability of illicitly manufactured fentanyl, often mixed with other drugs or substances, amplifies the risk of overdose.

Due to its potency, accidental exposure to fentanyl—such as through skin contact or inhalation—can also be harmful. This underscores the importance of handling the drug with care and being aware of its dangers, whether for medical or non-medical use.

Respiratory Depression: The Primary Cause of Death

Respiratory depression refers to the slowing or cessation of breathing. Opioids, including fentanyl, can cause this effect by acting on specific areas of the brain responsible for regulating breathing. When someone takes an opioid, the drug depresses the activity in the brain’s respiratory center, which can lead to slower and shallower breaths.

With fentanyl, given its high potency, the risk of respiratory depression is pronounced. Even a small amount can slow or stop breathing altogether. When this happens, the body is deprived of oxygen, which can lead to decreased oxygen levels in the bloodstream, affecting vital organs like the brain and heart. If left untreated, this can result in brain damage, organ failure, or death.

It’s crucial to recognize the signs of opioid-induced respiratory depression, which include shallow breathing, bluish lips or fingernails, and unconsciousness. In these situations, prompt intervention, such as administering the opioid-reversing drug naloxone and obtaining emergency medical attention, can be lifesaving.

Symptoms of a Fentanyl Overdose

Fentanyl has gained notoriety in recent years due to its role in the opioid epidemic, resulting in a significant number of overdose deaths. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), deaths involving synthetic opioids, primarily fentanyl, continue to rise, with 70,601 overdose deaths reported in 2021 alone.

Recognizing the symptoms of a fentanyl overdose is crucial for timely intervention. An overdose occurs when the body has more fentanyl than it can safely process, leading to potentially life-threatening conditions. Here are the primary symptoms associated with a fentanyl overdose:

If someone exhibits these symptoms after using fentanyl or any other opioid, it’s vital to act immediately. 

Immediate Response and Treatment

When faced with a potential fentanyl overdose, immediate and appropriate action can mean the difference between life and death. Here are the steps that should be taken in case of a fentanyl overdose:

Being aware of these steps and prepared with resources, especially naloxone, can save lives. If you or someone you know is at risk for opioid overdose, consider having naloxone on hand and be trained in its use.

Why Is Fentanyl More Dangerous Than Other Opioids?

Fentanyl’s reputation as one of the most potent opioids is not unwarranted. Here’s why fentanyl stands out as more dangerous compared to many other opioids:

Awareness of these factors is vital for both medical professionals prescribing fentanyl and individuals using it, ensuring the medication is used safely and as intended.

The Role of Illicitly Manufactured Fentanyl (IMF)

Illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) has emerged as a significant concern in recent years. Distinct from pharmaceutical-grade fentanyl, which is produced for medical purposes, fentanyl produced illegally is often found in street drugs. Here’s what you should know about illicit fentanyl:

Given its dangers, awareness and education about IMF are crucial. Individuals should be especially cautious, considering the potential for fentanyl contamination, and communities should be equipped with resources like naloxone to respond to potential overdoses.

Overdose Risk Factors

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of a fatal fentanyl overdose. Understanding these risks can help in awareness and prevention efforts. Here are some of the key risk factors:

Understanding these risk factors is crucial for individuals, communities, and healthcare providers. Knowledge and awareness can drive better decision-making and prompt the implementation of preventive measures. 

Prevention Strategies

Preventing fentanyl-related overdoses requires a multi-faceted approach, given the complexities of its use, both medically and illicitly. Here are some effective strategies for prevention:

Understanding and implementing these strategies can play a vital role in reducing the number of deaths and adverse effects associated with fentanyl use.

Treatment Options for Opioid Use Disorder

Addressing opioid use disorder (OUD) requires a combination of medical, psychological, and social interventions. Here’s a brief overview of the treatment options available for those struggling with OUD:

Opioid addiction treatment requires a tailored approach to meet each individual’s specific needs and conditions. The goal of treatment is not only to address the addiction itself but also to help individuals build a healthy, drug-free life and develop skills for long-term recovery.

Given the rise of pain-related substance dependency, a holistic healthcare strategy is crucial. At Futures Recovery Healthcare, we view behavioral and physical health concerns as ongoing medical challenges. We deliver coordinated care that builds a strong recovery foundation and provides tools for sustained well-being. If you or someone you know is navigating the complexities of opioid use disorders, Futures Recovery Healthcare promises compassionate, evidence-based treatments for a meaningful recovery.

Newsletter


We use cookies to improve your experience. By using our site, you agree to our use of cookies.